Rotary engine.



No. 827,582. PATENTED JULY a1, 1906.

W. HQVAUGHN.

ROTARY ENGINE.

APPLIGATION FILED APR.23|1906 a sun's-sum 1.

WITNESSES. INVENTOR.

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PATENTED JULY 31, 1906.

W. H. VAUGHN.

ROTARY ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MFR. 2a, 1906.

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I W. H. VAUGHN,

WITNESSES WQWW ATTORNEYS.

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PATENTED JULY 31, 1906;

W. H. VAUGHN.

ROTARY ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR.23,1906.

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ROTARY ENGINE. APPLIOATION FILED APR.23.1906.

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No. 827,582. PATENTED JULY 31, 1906.

w. H. VAUGHN.

ROTARY ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR.23,1906.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

8 2 g E o o WYITNESSES' INVENTOR,

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No. 827,582. PATENTED JULY 31, 1906 W. H. VAUGHN.

ROTARY ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR.23,1906.

8 SHBBTS-SHEET 6.

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. 5/ H BY ATTORNEYS.

THE NORRIS PETERS ca., wAsHmcTou, o. c.

PATENTED JULY 31, 1906.

W. HYVAUGHN.

ROTARY ENGINE.

APPLIOATION FILED APR.23,1906.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 7.

INVENTOR. H: WUGHN,

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, 'PATENTED' JULY 31, 1906-. w. VAUGHN. ROTARY ENGINE. APPLIOATION FILED APR. 23, 1906- 8 BKBETQ-SHEET 8.

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UNITED s'rArns PATENT @FFICE.

ROTARY ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

latented July 3 1, 1906.

Application filed April 23, 1906. Serial No, 313,189-

To all whom it may canoe 7%:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM H. VAUGHN, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Baden, in the county of Beaver and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Rotary- Engines, of which the following'is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings. 4

This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in rotary engines; and the invention has for its primary object to provide an engine which will be positive in its action, simple in construction, and free from all danger of being injured by constant use.

My invention aims to provide a rotary engine from which a greater amount of efficiency is obtained than engines heretofore constructed of this typein other words, to provide a rotary engine equivalent in efliciency to the ordinary type of steamengine at the same time providing an engine which will accomplish a greater amount of work than the ordinary steam-engine by a less eX- penditure of steam.

It is a well-known fact that in steam-engines about sixty-five per cent. of the efficiency of the engine is lost in the cycle or coupling of the engine, the fullamount of efliciency being derived from the steam only upon the quarter-cycle. To overcome this, I have devised a rotary engine wherein the full efficiency of the steam is derived and an equally-balanced engine provided capable of operating under a considerable load.

In constructing my improved engine I have aimed to thoroughly balance the same, there by dispensing with balance or fly wheels; so, also, with any friction that may exist between the operating or movable parts of the engine. This is especially true in connection with the valves which control the exhaust and inlet ports of my improved engine, these valves being of an equally-balanced type, which insures a perfect cooperation of the main elements of the engine.

With the above and other objects in view, which will more readily appear as the nature of the invention is better understood, the same consists in the novel construction, combination, and arrangement of parts, to be hereinafter more fully described and then or framework, a two-part cylinder-body supported upon said frame, a reciprocating cylspecifically pointed out in the claims, and, referring to the drawings accompanying this application, like numerals of reference desig-= nate corresponding parts throughout the sev eral views, in which- Figure 1 is a perspective view of my improved engine. Fig. 2 is a plan of the same. Fig. 3 is a central longitudinal sectional view of the engine. Fig. 4 is a crosssectional View, taken on the line at at of Fig. 8, looking in the direction of the arrow A of said figure.

Fig. 5 is a similar view, taken on the line a", 92

of Fig. 3, looking in the direction of the arrow B of said figure. Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view, taken on the line y y of Fig. 3, looking" Fig. 9 is a plan of one of the away. Fig. 15 is a plan of a pivoted connecting-yoke. Fig. 16 is a plan of the eccentric links. Fig. 17 is a side elevation'of a partition-actuating rod. Fig. 17' is a longitudinal sectional view of one of the cylinderpartitions. Fig. 18 is a side elevation of an oil-cup. Fig. 19 is a vertical sectional view of the same. a slide-valve housing. vation of a slide-valve head. Fig. 22 is a top plan of an intermediate slide-valve head. Fig. 22 is an end view of the same. is a bottom plan of the same. Fig. 24 is a perspective view of an intermediate auxiliaryport plate. Fig. 25 is a similar view illustrating the rear face of the same. Fig.,26 is a perspective view of the reversible valve housing.

To put my invention into practice, I construct my improved engine upon a suitable foundation, and the engine in its entirety embodies a plurality of elements which are assembled in a compact and easily-accessible form, whereby the engine will occupy a comparatively small space, and all parts thereof can be easily and quickly reached at any desired time.

Fig. 20 is a perspective view of Fig. 21 is a side ele-.

The engine consists of a foundation frame IIO inder-partition and actuating-rods carried by part of the cylinder, a driven shaft and camactuating wheel, a reversing-valve mechan ism, an intermediate slide-valve head and slide valves, and a slide valve actuating mechanism.

The above-mentioned elements will be herenafter more fully described in detail, and in order that the detail construction of my improved engine may be fully understood each element, together with its appurtenant parts, will be separately described and then a general operation of the various parts of the engine set forth.

Foundation frame 01=fmmew0r7c.-The foundation-frame consists of two longitudinallydisposed parallel girders 1 1, which are con nected together at their rear ends by a crossbar 2 and at their forward ends by angular cleats 3 3, carried by the forward part 4 of the cylinder-body of my improved engine. In conjunction with the forward part 4 of the cylinder-body another part 5 is em loyed, and this part of the cylinder is secure to the girders 1 1 by an angular cleat 6. Secured to the cross-bar 2 by nuts and bolts 7 7 are straps 8 8 and a bearing 9. The straps 8 8 are secured to the part 5 of the cylinder-body, as at 10 10, to firmly brace and support the cylinder-body upon the girders 11. The bearing 9 is provided with a journal-box 11, consisting of brasses 12 12, between which is journaled a driven shaft 14, said shaft extending through the cylinder-body of the engine to the forward side thereof, where it is employed, together with eccentrics, for actuating the various 'valves of my improved enine.

C'yZ'inder-b0d'y.-The two parts 4 and 5 of the cylinder-body are substantially rectangular'in side elevation, and the parts are formed with a central circular cylinder 15, which is provided by forming registering grooves 16 and 17 in the confronting faces of the arts 4 and 5 of the cylinder-body. The circu ar cylinder has for its axis the shaft 14, and the part 5 of the cylinder-body surrounding the shaft 14 is cut away, as at 18, to form an annular space between the two parts of the cylinder-body, the object of which will hereinafter appear. The art 5 of the cylinderbody is provided wit an annular flange 19, adapted to fit into an annular groove 20, formed in the part 4, thereby forming a tight connection between the two parts of the cylinder-body, especially after the parts have been secured together by bolts and nuts 21 and 22, the bolts and nuts 22 serving an additional function, which will be presently described. The part 5 of the cylinder-body is provided with two diametrically-opposed 4 horizontal slots 23 and 24, said s ots intersecting the circular cylinder 15 and extending rearwardly to the edge of the part 5. The forward part 4 of the cylinder is provided with slots 25 and 26, similar to the slots 23 and 24, and said slots are adapted to register with the slots 23 and 24 to form slideways for reciprocating cylinder-partitions. The part 4 of the cylinder-body is provided with ports 27, 28, 29, and 30, the ports 27 and 28 being formed parallel with and upon each side of the slot 26, while the ports 29 and 30 are formed parallel with and upon each side of the slot 25. The ports 27 to 30, inclusive, communicate with the cylinder 15 and extend forwardly to the front side of the part 4, the ports at the same time extending outwardly at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the engine.

Reciprocating cylinder-partitions and actuating-roda-The slots 23 and 24 upon the rear side of the part 5 are inclosed by casings 31 and 32, respectively, secured to the cylinder-body by set-screws or bolts 33. The outer end of each casing is provided with a conventional form of stuffing-box 34 34, and operating in the casings 31 and 32 are pistonrods 35 and 36, respectively, the inner ends of said piston-rods carrying horizontal partitions 37 and 38, said pistons riding within the slots 23 and 24 of the part 5 and 25 and 26 of the part 4 of the cylinder-body. Each partition is provided with a slide 39, said slide extending transversely of the partition and protruding slightly beyond one edge thereof, as at 40., the' object of which will hereinafter appear. The part 5 of the cylinder-body at the bottom edge of the casing 31 is provided with guides 41 and 42 and slidably mounted in said guides is a partitionactuating rod 43, the outer end of which is connected to the piston-rod 35 by a key 44, which passes through the end of the pistonrod and is bent around and clamped upon the actuating-rod 43, as at 45. The innermost end of the actuating-rod 43 is pivotally connected by a pivoted strap 46 to a hanger 47, said hanger being pivotally connected, as at 48, to the lower edge of the part 5 of the cylinder-body. The upper end of the hanger 47 is provided with an outwardly-extending pin 49, upon which a roller 50 is journaled- The part 5 of the cylinder-body at the upper edge of the casing 32 is provided with guides 51 51 and slidably mounted in said guides is a partition-actuating rod 52, similar to the rod heretofore described. The outer end of the rod is detachably connected to the piston-rod 36 by a key 53, while the inner end thereof is pivotally connected to a hanger 54, which is loosely suspended from the upper edge of the part 5 of the cylinder-body, as at 55. Thelower end of the hanger 54 is provided with an outwardly-extending pin 56, upon which a roller 57 is journaled, similar to the pin and roller 49 and 50.

Drive n shaft and cam-actuating wheel.

Upon the driven shaft 14 is mounted a camactuating wheel 58, and aside from this wheel the shaft 14 will be provided with a pinion or belt-wheel (not shown) by which power may be derived from my improved engine; but in no respect whatever do I wish it to be understood that the belt-wheel or pinion will be used as a balance-wheel, as the position of the shaft 14 relative to the cylinder and its actuating mechanism entirely dispenses with a balance or fly wheel. The cam-actuating wheel 58 is keyed upon the shaft 14 or may be secured thereon by a setscrew 59. The wheel upon its inner face is provided with a segment-shaped plate 60, and upon said plate are secured by screws 61 61 two cam-plates 62 and 63, the lower edge of the plate 62 and the upper edge of the plate 63 forming the upper portion of a heart-shaped cam-groove 64, while the lower portion of the groove is formed by the periphery of a flange 65, formed integral with the wheel 58. The construction of the camwheel provides a heart-shaped cam groove or path in which the rollers 50 and 57 are adaptedto engage said wheel, being positioned upon the shaft 14 in close proximity to the casings 31 and 32 of the part 5 of the cylinder-body. I

Reference will hereinafter be had to the forward end of the shaft 14, which isemployed, together with eccentrics and. links, for actuating the valve mechanism of my improved engine.

Upon the shaft 14, between the parts 4 and 5 of the cylinder-body, is mounted a piston 65, said piston consisting of an arm 65*, carrying a plurality of disks 65, some of said. disks being packing-rings interposed between metallic disks. The arm 65 is adapted to travel in the space (designated 18) formed between the parts 4 and 5 of the cylinderbody, while the disks 65 are adapted to fit snugly within the cylinder 15 and serve functionally the same purpose as a pistonhead within the ordinary type of engine-cylinder.

Reversing-M1116 meahanism.-Upon the forward side of the part 4 of the cylinder-body are mounted by screws 66 66 intermediate auxiliary-port plates 67 and 68, the plate 67 being mounted over the ports 29 and 30, while the plate 68 is mounted over the ports 27 and 28. Each plate is provided upon its forward side with. a rectangular enlargement 69, and in the plate 67 are formed auxiliary ports 70 and 7]., while in the plate 68 are formed ports 72 and 73. The plates 67 and 68 are employed for changing the horizontal ports 27 to 30, inclusive, into vertical ports 70 to 73, inclusive. Mounted over the enlargements 69 69 of the plates 67 and 68 are reversing-valve housings 74 and 75, respectively, each housing consisting of a rectangular frame, (see Figs. 2 and 26,) the confronting faces of which are provided with alining openings 76 76, carrying stufIing-boxes 77 and 78 of a conventional form. Passing through the stufling-boxes 77 and 78 and the openings 76 of said housings are valve-rods 79 79, said rods being connected to a common yoke 80, supported between the housings 74 and 75. The inner ends of the rods 79 79 are provided with T-shaped heads 81, adapted to engage in T-shaped slots 82, formed in the outer ends of the slide-valves 83 and 84. 1 The slide-valve 83 is provided with vertically-disposed slots 85 and 86, while the slide-valve 84 is provided with similar slots 87 and 88.

Intermediate slide-valve head and mZves. Mounted in front of the housings 74 and 75 are valve-heads 89 and 90, respectively, said heads being substantially rectangular in cross-section and provided with transverse grooves 91 in their top and bottom edges, whereby the bolts 22 22 of the engine may engage the top. and bottom edges of said heads and retain them in position upon the housings 74 and 75. The front and. rear faces of said heads are formed with enlargements 92 and 93, the enlargements 93 93 being provided with transverse grooves 94 94. The enlargements 93 93 are adapted. to fit within the housings 74 and 7 5, while the enlargements 92 92 are adapted to fit within slide-valve housings 95 and 96, mounted upon heads 89 and 90. The enlargements 92 92 of the heads 89 and 90 are provided with numerous ports, the ports 97 97 simply communicating with oil-cups 98 98 of a conventional form secured in the top of each head, the ports 99 and 100 communicating with exhaust-ports 101 and 102, respectively, formed in the heads 89 and 90, the ports 101 and 1.02 being connected to a common exhaust-pipe 103. The heads 89 and 90 are also provided with ports 104 and 105, said ports being adapted to communicate with the slots of the reversing-valveheads 83 and 84 through the medium of the transverse grooves 94 94, formed in the enlargements 93 93 of the heads 89 and 90. The enlargements 92 92 of said heads are provided with recesses 106 106, which serve to balance the main slide-valves 107 and 108 within the housings 95 and 96, respectively.

The slide-valves 107 and 108 are provided with transverse ports or slots 1.09 and 110, respectively, and with T-shaped slots 111, similar to the valveheads S3 and 84. The

rear faces of the slide-valves are provided communication of said port depending upon the position of the valves 107 and 108. The housings 95 and 96 are provided with stuffing-boxes 11.4 and 115, and extending through said stuffing-boxes and connecting with the slide-valves 107 and. 108 are valve-rods 116 116. These valve-rods are connected. to cross-heads 117 117, carried by connectingrods 118 118.

Secured upon the housings '95 and 96 by the bolts 22 are caps 119 119, said caps having angular ports 120 formed therein, which communicate by pipes 121 121 with a common steam, gas, or air supply pipe 122, said pipe being provided with a blow-off cock 123. The ports 120 are adapted to connect with the ports 109 and 110 of the valves 107 and 108 at predetermined times, as will be here inafter more fully described.

S Zidc valve actuating mechanism.-The outer end of the shaft 14, which protrudes through the connecting-yoke 80, is contracted, as at 124, and eccentrically mounted upon the contracted end of the shaft are Wheels 125 and 126. Upon said wheels are mounted eccentrics 127 and 128, said eccentrics being connected to a slotted segment-shaped arm 129, said arm being loosely connected to cross-bars 130, carried by the rods 118. The part 4 of the cylinder-body is provided with a stud pin or post 131, upon Which is loosely mounted a sleeve 132, said sleeve carrying upon its one end a reversing-lever 133, while fixed upon its opposite end are links 134 and 135, said links being attachedto the crossbars 130, as at 136, theobject of which will presently appear.

In joining the various parts of my im proved enginenamely, the two parts of the cylinder, the housings, plates, heads, and capsit is obvious that metallic washers or liners may be interposed between the various parts to insure an air-tight connection between said parts, and thus provide a positive cooperation of the various ports 'of my improved engine.

General 0perati0n.1n operation I will assume that the shaft 14 is rotating and that steam, air, or gas is entering the ports 120 120 of the caps 119 119 through the medium of the pipes 121 121 and the pipe 122. When the shaft 14 is rotating, a reciprocating movement is imparted to the cross-bar 130 of the slide-valve-actuating mechanism through the medium of the eccentrics 127 128. By reciprocating the slide-valves 107 and 108 first one port 120 is opened and then the other port, this being accomplished by moving the ports 109and 110 in communication with the ports 120. By referring to Fig. 8 'of the drawings it. will be observed that the port 110 of the slide-valve 108 is about to register with the port 120. As the port 110 is moved to communicate with the port 120 the port 110 communicates with theport 105 of the valve-head 90. The steam then passes through slot 86 of the reversing-valve in the direction of the arrow of Fig. 5 and has just passed the port 28. Simultaneous with the passage of the piston over the port 28 the reciprocating partitions 37 and 38 are actuated through the medium of the pistonrods 35 and'36, partition-actuating rods 43 and 52, together with the cam-wheel 58. As the rollers 50 and 57 ofthe hangers 47 and 54 engage the heart-shaped cam carried by the wheel 58 a movement common to both partitions will be imparted to said hangers, whereby said partitions will be moved into the cylinder 15. In this connection I desire it to be understood that throughout the entire operation of my improved engine the partitions are normally maintained within the cylinder, the partitions being only removed when the piston 65 passes the partitions. Immediately upon the piston 65 passing the port 28 the steam entering the port 28 drives the piston 65* around within the cylinder 15, and as the piston 65 approaches the ports 30 and 29 the partition 38 is actuated and moved out of the cylinder. After the piston 65 passes the port 30 the partition 38 moves into the cylinder and the port 30 serves as an exhaust-port. The port 29 is then admitting steam to the cylinder and the port 27 in its turn serves as an ex haust-port for the steam in the upper half of the cylinder. It will be observed that while the ports 28 and 29 are alternately serving as exhaust-ports the ports 27 and 30 are remaining idle, owing to the fact that the reversing-valve heads 83 and 84 close said ports, these ports only being open when it is desired to reverse the engine. The ports 28 and 29 are governed through the medium of the main slide-valves 107 and 108, which are reciprocated within their respective housings 95 and 96. While the slide-valve 108 is in position to admit steam through the port 110 to port 105, slot 86 of reversing-valve 84 to port 28, the port 109 of the slide-valve 107 is in position to admit the exhausting steam passing through the port 29, slot 86 of the valvehead 83, port 104 to pocket 112 of the valve 109, port 99 to port 101, from where the steam exhausts through the pipe 103.

' In other words, the valve 107 is in position to exhaust, closing the port 120 upon one side of the engine, while the valve 108 upon the opposite side is admitting steam to the cylinder. As the valves 107 and 108 are reciprocated steam is first admitted upon one side of the engine, while the other side serves as an exhaust side, and vice versa.

When running the engine in the direction just described, the reversing-valves 83 and 84 are maintained in the position shown in Fig. 8 of the drawings; but should it be desired to reverse the operation of the engine the reversing-lever 133 is operated, which moves the valves 83 and 84, opening the ports 27 and 30 and closing the ports 28 and slide-valve-actuating mechanism insuring a proper positioning of said slide-valve to open and close the proper ports controlling the ports 27 to 30, inclusive of the cylinder 15.

From the foregiong description, taken in connection with the drawings, it will be observed that I have devised a novel form of circular cylinder having a revoluble piston which is propelled at two diametrically-opposed points during one revolution, thereby insuring an equal balancing and distribution of power upon the shaft 14, consequently providing an easily-running and non-vibrating engine. The face-to-face arrangement of the various valves of my improved engine provides an equal balancing of said valves and reduces the friction incurred by the movement of said valves to a minimum, at the same time insuring a perfect registration of the proper ports of the valves during the operation of the engine.

I do not care to confine myself to the size, proportion, or minor details of construction entering into my improved engine, and such changes as are permissible by the appended claims may be resorted to Without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a rotary engine, the combination with a suitable foundation-frame, of a twopart cylinder-body carried by said frame, said body having a circular cylinder formed therein, the parts of said body having trans verse slots formed therein intersecting said cylinder, reciprocating partitions mounted in said slots, one part of said cylinder having a plurality of ports formed therein, two of said ports serving to operate the engine in one direction while the other two of said ports serve to operate the engine in a reverse direction, reversing slide-valves carried by one part of said cylinder-body and controlling said ports, valve-heads carried by said cylinder and communicating with said slidevalves, said valve-heads having exhaustports formed therein, slide-valves controlling the ports of said valve-heads, a shaft extending through said cylinder-body, a piston carried by said shaft and operating in the cylinder of said cylinder-body, a cam-wheel carried by said shaft, means actuated by said cam-wheel to alternately reciprocate said partitions, and means actuated by said Simultaneous with this operation I also. move the main slide-valves 107 and 108 shaft to reciprocate the last-named slidevalves, substantially as described.

2. In a rotary engine, the combination with a suitable foundation-frame, of a twopart cylinder-body supported by said frame, the par-ts of said cylinder-body having circular grooves formed therein adapted to form a, circular cylinder, a shaft extending through said cylinder-body, a piston carried by said shaft and o erating in the grooves of said cylinder-b0 y, said cylinder-body having transverse slots formed therein, partitions mounted in said slots, said cylinder-body having ports formed therein, connected reversing slide-valves carried by said cylinderbody and controlling said ports, valve-heads carried by said cylinder-body and having inlet and exhaust ports formed therein, said inlet-ports communicating with said cylinder-body, connected slide-valves carried by said cylinder-body and controlling the ports of'said valve-heads, means actuated by said shaft to reciprocate said slide-valves, means to move said reversing slide-valves, and means actuated by said shaft to reciprocate said partitions, substantially as described.

3. In combination with a rotary engine, a two-part cylinder-body having a circular cylinder formed therein, the parts of said body having transverse slots communicating with the cylinder-partitions mounted in said. slots to reciprocate therein, ports in one part of said cylinder-body, certain of said ports acting as admission-ports while the engine is running in one direction, other of said ports acting as the admission-ports when the engine is running in a reverse direction, means carried by one part of said cylinder-body for controlling said ports, a shaft extending through said cylinder-body, a piston on said shaft operating in the cylinder in said body, a cam-wheel on said shaft, means actuated by said cam-wheel to alternately reciprocate said partitions, and means actuated by said shaft to reciprocate slide-valves controlling said ports.

4. In combination in a rotary engine, a two-part circular cylinder provided in its opposite sides with slots, partitions mounted to slide in said slots, ports arranged in one part of said cylinder, above and below the slots, a shaft extending through the cylinder, a piston carried by said shaft and operating in the circular cylinder, connected reversing slide-valves carried by the cylinder-bod y and controlling said ports, and a cam-actuating wheel on said shaft, a segment-shaped plate secured on the inner face of said wheel, camplates carried by said segment-shaped plate, the said cam-plates and the segment-shaped plates so disposed as to form a cam-groove and means engaging in said cam-groove to actuate the controlling-valves, substantially as described.

5. In combination in a rotary engine, a

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two-part circular cylinder-body, having circular grooves formed therein adapted to form a circular cylinder, a shaft extending through said cylinder-body, a piston carried by said shaft and o crating in the cylinder, partitions slidably mounted in transverse slots formed in the cylinder-body, ports for said cylinder, connected reversing slide-valves carried by the cylinder-body and controlling said ports, valve-heads carried by the cylinder-body and having, inlet exhaust-ports formed therein, slide-valves controlling said ports, means actuated by the shaft to reciprocate said slide-valves, and means actuated by the shaft to reciprocate the slidablymounted partitions.

6. In combination in a rotary engine, a cylinder-body having a circular cylinder therein, a shaft extending through said cylinder-body, a piston carried by said shaft and operating in the cylinder, partitions slidably mounted in transverse slots formed in the cylinder-body, ports for said cylinder, connected reversing slide-valves carried by said cylinder-body and controlling said ports,

valve-heads carried by said cylinder-body and having inlet exhaust-ports formed therein, the inlet-ports communicating With the cylinder, connected slide-valves carried by the cylinder-body and controlling the ports of the valve-heads, means actuated by the shaft to reciprocate said slide-valves, means for actuating said reversing slide-valves and means for reciprocating said slidable partitions.

Intestimony whereof I afhX my signature in the presence of two Witnesses.

WILLIAM H. VAUGHN.

Witnesses A. M. WrLsoN, K. H. BUTLER. 

